* Malcolm X - Autobiography, Speeches, and Interviews (12 books)

MALCOLM X (1925 – 1965), born Malcolm Little, was a prominent African American Muslim minister and human rights activist during the civil rights movement, and has been has been described as one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history.  A spokesman for the Nation of Islam until 1964, he was a vocal advocate for Black empowerment and credited with raising the self-esteem of Black Americans and reconnecting them with their African heritage.  Although accused by critics of preaching racism and violence, Malcolm remains a widely celebrated figure within African American and Muslim American communities for his pursuit of racial justice.

An articulate public speaker, a charismatic personality, and an indefatigable organizer, Malcolm expressed the pent-up anger, frustration, and bitterness of African Americans during the major phase of the civil rights movement from 1955 to 1965.  He preached on the streets of Harlem and spoke at major universities such as Harvard and Oxford.  His keen intellect, incisive wit, and ardent radicalism made him a formidable critic of American society.   Throughout his life, beginning in the 1950s, Malcolm was subjected to surveillance by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

Malcolm criticized the mainstream civil rights movement, challenging Martin Luther King, Jr.'s central notions of integration and nonviolence.  He argued that more was at stake than the civil right to sit in a restaurant or even to vote — the most important issues were Black identity, integrity, and independence.  In contrast to King's strategy of nonviolence, civil disobedience, and redemptive suffering, Malcolm urged his followers to defend themselves "by any means necessary."  His biting critique of the "so-called Negro" provided the intellectual foundations for the Black Power and Black consciousness movements in the United States in the late 1960s and '70s.

Malcolm was assassinated in New York in February 1965.  Speculation about the murder and whether it was conceived or aided by members of the Nation, or with law enforcement agencies, has persisted for decades.

After his assassination, the widespread distribution of his AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MALCOLM X (1965) made him an ideological hero.  Except for his autobiography, Malcolm X left no published writings.  His philosophy is known almost entirely from the many speeches and interviews he gave from 1952 until his death.  Many of those speeches, especially from the last year of his life, were recorded and have been published.


The following books are in ePub and/or PDF format as indicated:

* Autobiography of Malcolm X (Ballantine, 1992) – PDF
* Autobiography of Malcolm X (One World, 2015) – ePub
* By Any Means Necessary, 2e (Pathfinder, 1992) – PDF
* Collected Speeches, Debates, Interviews, 1960-1965 [ed. Atwal] (np, 2018) – PDF
* The Diary of Malcolm X, 1964 [ed. Boyd] (Third World, 2013) – ePub
* End of White World Supremacy [ed. Karim] (Arcade, 2001) – ePub + PDF
* End of White World Supremacy [ed. Karim] (Arcade, 2020) – ePub
* The Last Speeches [ed. Perry] (Pathfinder, 1989) – PDF
* Malcolm X: The FBI File [by C. Carson] (Skyhorse, 2012) – ePub
* Malcolm X Speaks [ed. Breitman] (Grove, 1990) – PDF
* Malcolm X Talks to Young People [ed. Clark] (Pathfinder, 1991) – PDF
* On Afro-American History, 3e (Pathfinder, 1990) – PDF
* Portable Malcolm X Reader [ed. Marable] (Penguin, 2013) – ePub
* Speeches at Harvard [ed. Epps] (Paragon, 1991) – PDF


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