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Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) was developed in order to char­ acterize the dynamics of molecular processes in systems in thermodynamic equilibrium. FCS determines transport and chemical reaction rates from mea­ surements of spontaneous microscopic thermally driven molecular concentra­ tion fluctuations. Since its inception, and particularly in recent years, techni­ cal and conceptual advances have extended the range of practical applicability and the information obtainable from FCS measurements. Improvements in microscopy, data acquisition, and data processing have greatly shortened the time required for FCS measurements. FCS can now be routinely applied to labile systems such as cells, and for the acquisition of large volumes of data as required for high-throughput screening. Cross correlation methods pro­ vide a powerful tool for characterizing interactions among different molecular species. Analysis of the amplitude of concentration fluctuations can provide a wealth of information about aggregation/polymerization process and the compositions of mixtures. Furthermore, FCS provides a bridge between conventional measurements of dynamic processes on a macroscopic concentration scale and the currently developing field of single molecule measurements. Both FCS and single mole­ cule approaches measure directly stochastic fluctuations in molecular pro­ perties, and so must be analyzed by statistical methods to yield conventional phenomenological parameters. As commonly practiced, FCS yields these phe­ nomenological parameters, e. g. , diffusion coefficients and chemical rate con­ stants, directly in terms of a fluorescence fluctuation autocorrelation func­tion.
Introduction
Introduction
FCS in the Analysis of Molecular Interactions
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy of Flavins and Flavoproteins
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy in Nucleic Acid Analysis
Strain-Dependent Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy: Proposing a New Measurement for Conformational Fluctuations of Biological Macromolecules
Applications of FCS to Protein-Ligand Interactions: Comparison with Fluorescence Polarization
FCS at the Cellular Level
FCS-Analysis of Ligand-Receptor Interactions in Living Cells
Fluorescence Correlation Microscopy (FCM): Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) in Cell Biology
FCS and Spatial Correlations on Biological Surfaces
Applications in Biotechnology, Drug Screening, and Diagnostics
Dual-Color Confocal Fluorescence Spectroscopy and its Application in Biotechnology
Nanoparticle Immunoassays: A new Method for Use in Molecular Diagnostics and High Throughput Pharmaceutical Screening based on Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Protein Aggregation Associated with alzhiemer and Prion Diseases
Environmental Analysis and Monitoring
Application of FCS to the Study of Environmental Systems
Photophysical Aspects of FCS Measurements
Environmental Analysis and Monitoring
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy: Genesis, Evolution, Maturation and Prognosis
ConfoCor 2 — The Second Generation of Fluorescence Correlation Microscopes
Antibunching and Rotational Diffusion in FCS
Cross-correlation analysis in FCS
Cross-correlated Flow Analysis in Microstructures
Introduction to the Theory of Fluorescence Intensity Distribution Analysis
Photon Counting Histogram Statistics
High Order Autocorrelation in Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
FCS in Single Molecule Analysis